Please see the page "https://www.i3s.unice.fr/~tettaman/Classes/WebM1IFI/"
The Web, originally intended to be an open document-sharing platform, has evolved into a distributed platform for the deployment and execution of applications, to the point that it can now be viewed as a sort of global operating system (the programmable web). It has also become a "social machine" and a technological infrastructure for collective intelligence, which constitutes an interesting and complex subject of study.
Please see the page "https://www.i3s.unice.fr/~tettaman/Classes/WebM1IFI/"